Introduction
If you have been told you have periodontal (gum) disease, you are not alone. Many adults in the UK currently have some form of the disease. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease that results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. In the worst cases, teeth are lost.
Whether your gum disease is stopped, slowed, or gets worse on how well you care for your teeth and gums every day.
What causes gum disease?
Our mouths are full of bacteria. These bacteria, along with mucus and other particles, constantly form a sticky, colorless “plaque” on teeth. Brushing and flossing helps to get rid of plaque. Plaque that is not removed can harden and form “tartar” that brushing doesn’t clean. Only a professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist can remove tartar.
Gingivitis
The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called “gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. This form of gum disease does not include any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.
Periodontitis
When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to “periodontitis” (which means “inflammation around the tooth”). In periodontitis, gums pull away from the teeth and form spaces (called “pockets”) that become infected. The body’s immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. Bacterial toxins and the
body’s natural response to infection start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. If not treated, the bones, gums, and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed. The teeth may eventually become loose and have to be removed.
Risk Factors
- Smoking. Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors associated with the development of gum disease. Additionally, smoking can lower the chances for successful treatment.
- Hormonal changes in girls/women. These changes can make gums more sensitive and make it easier for gingivitis to develop.
- Diabetes. People with diabetes are at higher risk for developing infections, including gum disease.
- Other illnesses and their treatments. Diseases such as AIDS and its treatments can also negatively affect the health of gums, as can treatments for cancer.
- Medications. There are hundreds of prescriptions and over the counter medications that can reduce the flow of saliva, which has a protective effect on the mouth. Without enough saliva, the mouth is vulnerable to infections such as gum disease. And some medicines can cause abnormal overgrowth of the gum tissue; this can make it difficult to keep teeth and gums clean.
- Genetic susceptibility. Some people are more prone to severe gum disease than others.
How do I know if I have gum disease?
Symptoms of gum disease include:
- Bad breath that won’t go away
- Red or swollen gums
- Tender or bleeding gums
- Painful chewing
- Loose teeth
- Sensitive teeth
- Receding gums or longer appearing teeth
How can I keep my teeth and gums healthy?
Good oral hygiene involves:
- Brushing your teeth for two to three minutes twice a day (in the morning and at night), preferably with an electric toothbrush
- Using toothpaste that contains fluoride (fluoride is a natural mineral that helps protect against tooth decay)
- Flossing your teeth regularly (preferably daily)
- Not smoking
- Regularly visiting your dentist
Treatments for Gum Disease at Wollaston Dental Practice
We offer a variety of treatments to address gum disease, ensuring the best care for our patients:
1. Scale and Polish
– To remove plaque and tartar (hardened plaque), your dentist may recommend a scale and polish.
– This process helps maintain healthy gums and prevents further build-up.
2. Root Planning
– In more severe cases of gum disease, root planning (deep cleaning under the gums) might be necessary.
– This treatment removes bacteria from the roots of your teeth.
– A local anaesthetic may be used to numb the area for comfort.
– Mild discomfort or pain may be experienced for up to 48 hours afterward.
Hygiene Services
Hygienist Treatments
– Our dental hygienists provide professional cleaning services to remove plaque and tartar using specialized instruments.
– Polishing is performed to eliminate stains and marks on teeth.
– If there is significant plaque or tartar build-up, multiple scale and polish sessions may be needed.
Comprehensive Hygiene Care
– Our dental therapists and hygienists offer a range of services tailored to your needs.
– If you are concerned about gum health, contact us to arrange an appointment.
– For patients without periodontal disease, we offer thorough cleaning services, including options for addressing staining, such as **Airflow Treatment**.
Fillings
1. Composite Fillings
– White fillings designed to match your natural tooth color for improved aesthetics.
– These can also repair chipped or broken teeth to restore your smile.
– Not all fillings can be replaced with composite; your dentist will advise on the best treatment.
2. Amalgam Fillings
– Silver fillings are durable and often preferred for long-lasting results.
– In some cases, they may be a more suitable option than composite fillings.
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Comparing White Fillings versus Silver Amalgam Fillings
Advantages of White Fillings (Composite)
1. Aesthetic Appeal:
– White fillings provide a more natural appearance.
– They can be closely matched to your natural tooth color, making them less noticeable than silver amalgam fillings.
2. Bonding to the Tooth:
– White fillings bond directly to the tooth, making them ideal for repairing chipped or broken teeth.
3. Tooth Preservation:
– Restorations with composites require less removal of tooth structure compared to amalgam fillings.
– Smaller holes are needed for composite fillings, especially with new cavities.
4. Health Considerations:
– White fillings are mercury-free, unlike silver amalgam fillings.
5. Sensitivity:
– Hot and cold sensitivity is greatly reduced with composite materials compared to silver/mercury amalgams.
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Considerations for Silver Amalgam Fillings
– While composite fillings have many benefits, they are not always suitable for all dental restorations. In some cases, silver amalgam fillings may still be necessary.
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Aftercare Tips
– Brush and floss twice daily to prevent future decay.
– Avoid excessively hard foods, as they can damage the filling.
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Consultation
– The best option for your dental needs can be discussed further with your dentist.
Crowns
Definition:
A crown is a permanent covering that fits over an original tooth that is decayed, damaged, or cracked.
Materials:
Crowns can be made from a variety of materials, including:
-> Porcelain (most natural appearance but less durable)
-> Zirconia
-> Metal
-> Gold
Purpose:
– Restore large cavities.
– Provide stability to broken teeth.
Care and Maintenance:
– Proper dental hygiene, including daily brushing and flossing, is essential to maintain healthy teeth, gums, and crowns.
– Good care helps prevent gum disease and ensures the longevity of the crown.
Lifespan:
With proper care, crowns can last 10–15 years.
Bridges
Definition:
A bridge is a dental device used to fill the space left by a missing tooth.
Purpose:
– Prevents shifting of teeth, which can lead to bite problems (occlusion), jaw issues, and periodontal disease.
– Safeguards the integrity of existing teeth.
– Helps maintain a healthy, vibrant smile.
Types of Bridges:
1. Fixed Bridge:
– Most popular type.
– Consists of a filler tooth attached to two crowns, which fit over the existing teeth to hold the bridge in place.
2. Maryland Bridge:
– Commonly used to replace missing front teeth.
– Consists of a filler tooth attached to metal bands bonded to the abutment teeth.
3. Cantilever Bridge:
– Used when teeth are present on only one side of the gap.
– A typical three-unit cantilever bridge consists of two crowned teeth positioned next to each other on the same side of the missing tooth space. The filler tooth is connected to these crowned teeth, extending into the missing space.
Dentures
Causes of Tooth Loss:
Tooth loss can occur due to periodontal disease, injury, or tooth decay.
Solution:
Dentures can restore missing teeth and bring back your smile.
Types of Dentures:
1. Complete Dentures:
Cover the entire jaw.
2. Partial Dentures:
Replace multiple missing teeth.
Material:
– Most dentures are made of acrylic.
– Other options include metal chrome or flexible valplast dentures, depending on suitability.
Consultation:
Ask your dentist to determine which type of denture is right for you.
Root Canal Treatment (Endodontics)
Purpose:
Root canal treatment is needed when the pulp inside your tooth becomes infected due to tooth decay or injury. If left untreated, the infection can spread through the root canal system, potentially leading to an abscess and severe discomfort. Without treatment, the tooth may need to be extracted.
Procedure:
1. Infection Control:
– The dentist stops the infection from spreading and preserves as much of the tooth as possible.
2. Technique and Equipment:
– The procedure is performed using specific techniques and advanced equipment.
3. Anaesthesia:
– A local anaesthetic is administered, making the treatment feel similar to having an ordinary filling.
4. **Cleaning and Filling**:
– The infected pulp is removed, and the root canal is cleaned and filled to prevent further infection.
5. Temporary Filling:
– A temporary filling is placed, and the tooth is left to settle.
6. Follow-Up:
– The tooth is checked at a later visit. Once the infection has cleared, the tooth is permanently filled.
Duration
Root canal treatment is a skilled and time-consuming procedure, often requiring two or more visits.